The Indian state of Tamil Nadu is located in the Northern hemisphere in the hot zone between 8° and 13° N. latitude and between 78° and 80° E. longitude. In the north, the state is surrounded by the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh and Kerala is situated in the west of it.
Geographically, the southern tip of Tamil Nadu is in the Indian Ocean and the long eastern coast is encircled by the Bay of Bengal. The easternmost tip is formed by the Point Calimere and the Mudumalai wildlife sanctuary is the westernmost tip. The Pulicat Lake is situated in the northern extreme. The southernmost tip of Tamil Nadu is the Cape Comorin or Kanyakumari.
Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest state in India. The population of the state has crossed over 6 crores and occupies an area of 130,058 sq. kms. Within the boundaries of Tamil Nadu, the union territory of Pondicherry is a tiny pocket near Cuddalore district; Karaikal. The ancient Tamils divided Tamil Nadu into five major physiographic parts. These five parts include the Kurinji mountainous region, Mullai forest region, Marudham fertile plains, Neidhal coastal region and Palai arid region.
In the Nilgiris of Tamil Nadu, the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats meet. Tamil Nadu contains various hill stations called Ooty, Kodaikanal, Kothagiri and Yercaud. Now, the Eastern Ghats is almost broken and appears to be a remaining mountain. But, the Western Ghats stretches along almost as an unbroken chain except for a 25 km gap at Palakkadu and a still lesser gap in Shencottah. These gaps act as the entry points to the state of Kerala.
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