Polity

Most of the features were inspired from the freedom struggle and their demands were put forth by the freedom fighters during national movement.  These demands were incorporated by the Constituent assembly after due deliberations. Features shaped by Indian Leaders during freedom struggle: Fundamental Rights: Nehru report gave 19 fundamental rights. Citizenship: Single citizenship also from … Read more

Ans4: Procedure Established by Law It means that a law that is duly enacted by legislature or the concerned body is valid if it has followed the correct procedure. Following this doctrine means that, a person can be deprived of his life or personal liberty according to the procedure established by law. So, if Parliament … Read more

In India, right to protest is a fundamental right under Article 19 of the Constitution of India. But right to strike is not a fundamental right but a legal right and with this right statutory restriction is attached in the industrial dispute Act, 1947. In the All India Bank Employees Association v. I. T. , … Read more

Indian constituent assembly framed our constitution and its success and sustainability even after 70 years is commendable. But there are certain features which opens the gate for criticism. These are as follows: It was not the representative body as members were not directly elected. It was not the sovereign body as it was not constituted … Read more

. The Constitution has made the following provisions to safeguard and ensure the independent and impartial functioning of the Supreme Court: Mode of Appointment The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the Pre-sident (which means the cabinet) in consultation with the members of the judiciary itself (ie, judges of the Supreme Court and … Read more

Apart from the services under the respective state governments, the Constitution has made special provision for the constitution of all-India services as a service common to the Union and the states. Article 312 of the Constitution makes specific provision for the creation of the all-India services by parliament if the council of states has declared … Read more

PMO is the attached office of the Prime minister. It acts as a centralised agency. The relevance of PMO is decided by the person holding the post of the PM and the kind of government majority government or minority government. Relevance of PMO: Acts as a repository of data, records, files etc. Hence provide continuity … Read more

The relations reached a new low when Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has threatened to shut down two U.S. bases in Turkey recently. This step is in retaliation to passing of bill in US senate approving sanction on Turkey over the S-400 Purchase and the Syria offense.   The major cause of irritants are: U.S.-Turkey … Read more

Internal democracy in political parties refers to the level and methods of including party members in the decision making and deliberation within the party structure. India shall move toward inter party democracy as it is on the line of values of democracy.   Arguments in favour of  inner party democracy: Hold leaders accountable Dismantling of nepotism … Read more

Judiciary and executive are two major component of our vibrant democracy. Their free and fair functioning lead to smooth functioning of a democratic country. The doctrine of separation of power and checks and balances has to be followed. But excessive check and balance lead to undue interference and this is the source of tussle.   … Read more